Pemberdayaan Pasien Diabetes Melitus Dalam Pencegahan Ulkus Diabetikum Dan Risiko Infeksi Berulang
Empowerment of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in the Prevention of Diabetic Ulcers and the Risk of Recurrent Infection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59585/bajik.v5i1.1586Keywords:
Diabetes Melitus, Pemberdayaan Pasien, Ulkus Diabetikum, Perawatan Kaki, Pencegahan InfeksiAbstract
Latar Belakang: Ulkus diabetikum merupakan salah satu komplikasi serius diabetes melitus yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi, rawat inap, amputasi, dan penurunan kualitas hidup. Pemberdayaan pasien melalui edukasi terstruktur dan perawatan kaki mandiri penting dilakukan untuk mencegah komplikasi kaki diabetik.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberdayaan pasien terhadap pengetahuan, perilaku perawatan kaki mandiri, dan risiko infeksi berulang pada pasien diabetes melitus.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif quasi-experimental dengan pendekatan one-group pretest-posttest. Responden berjumlah 64 pasien diabetes melitus yang memiliki faktor risiko komplikasi kaki diabetik. Intervensi berupa edukasi terstruktur mengenai pemeriksaan kaki, kebersihan kaki, penggunaan alas kaki yang tepat, pengendalian glukosa darah, pencegahan luka, dan pengenalan tanda awal infeksi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank.Hasil: Sebelum intervensi, sebanyak 20 responden (31,3%) memiliki pengetahuan baik dan 44 responden (68,7%) memiliki pengetahuan cukup atau kurang. Setelah intervensi, sebanyak 51 responden (79,7%) memiliki pengetahuan baik. Perilaku perawatan kaki yang baik meningkat dari 37,5% sebelum intervensi menjadi 76,6% setelah intervensi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada pengetahuan dan perilaku perawatan kaki sebelum dan sesudah pemberdayaan (p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Pemberdayaan pasien melalui edukasi terstruktur berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan perilaku perawatan kaki mandiri serta berpotensi menurunkan risiko ulkus diabetikum dan infeksi berulang.
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