Determinan Status Gizi Balita Dalam Situasi Darurat Bencana: Studi Cross-Sectional Pada Wilayah Pengungsian
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Disaster emergency situations may increase the risk of nutritional problems among children under five due to limited food access, changes in caregiving practices, poor sanitation, and restricted healthcare services. Young children are vulnerable groups requiring special attention because malnutrition during early life can affect long-term growth and development. This study aimed to analyze determinants associated with nutritional status among children under five in disaster emergency shelters. This study used a quantitative analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted among children under five living in evacuation areas. A total of 100 children were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements and questionnaires assessing food intake, infectious diseases, caregiving practices, and healthcare access. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The study showed that 65% of children had good nutritional status, while 35% experienced nutritional problems. Factors associated with nutritional status were food intake (p=0.002), history of infectious diseases (p=0.004), maternal caregiving practices (p=0.012), and healthcare access (p=0.018). Nutritional status among children under five in disaster situations is influenced by food availability, infectious diseases, caregiving practices, and healthcare access. Integrated emergency nutrition interventions are needed through adequate food provision, growth monitoring, disease prevention, and strengthened health services.
Keywords: Nutritional Status, Children Under Five, Disaster, Evacuation Shelter, Health Determinants
ABSTRAK
Situasi darurat bencana dapat meningkatkan risiko gangguan status gizi pada balita akibat keterbatasan akses pangan, perubahan pola asuh, gangguan sanitasi, serta terbatasnya pelayanan kesehatan. Balita merupakan kelompok rentan yang membutuhkan perhatian khusus karena kekurangan gizi pada masa ini dapat berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jangka panjang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi balita dalam situasi darurat bencana di wilayah pengungsian. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada balita yang berada di wilayah pengungsian. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 balita yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran antropometri (berat badan dan tinggi/panjang badan), wawancara kuesioner mengenai asupan makanan, penyakit infeksi, pola asuh, dan akses pelayanan kesehatan. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar balita memiliki status gizi baik (65%), sedangkan 35% mengalami masalah gizi. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi balita adalah asupan makanan (p=0,002), riwayat penyakit infeksi (p=0,004), pola asuh ibu (p=0,012), dan akses pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,018). Status gizi balita dalam situasi darurat bencana dipengaruhi oleh faktor konsumsi makanan, penyakit infeksi, pola asuh, dan akses pelayanan kesehatan. Intervensi gizi darurat perlu dilakukan secara terpadu melalui pemberian makanan bergizi, pemantauan pertumbuhan, pencegahan penyakit, dan penguatan layanan kesehatan di lokasi pengungsian.
Kata Kunci: Status Gizi, Balita, Bencana, Pengungsian, Determinan Kesehatan
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