Risk Factors for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Occurrence Among Active Smokers in the Working Area of Poasia Community Health Center
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59585/bajik.v5i1.1379Keywords:
Tuberkulosis Paru; Perokok Aktif; Faktor Risiko; Indeks Brinkman; KarboksihemoglobinAbstract
Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua dunia dalam beban tuberkulosis dengan kontribusi 10 persen dari total kasus global pada tahun 2024. Sementara itu di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, Kecamatan Poasia di Kota Kendari, mencatat angka kejadian tuberkulosis yang tinggi. Merokok merupakan faktor risiko penting bagi kejadian tuberkulosis paru, namun studi epidemiologis di wilayah tersebut masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor risiko kejadian tuberkulosis paru pada perokok aktif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Poasia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dengan sampel perokok aktif berusia minimal 18 tahun. Variabel yang dikaji meliputi umur, tingkat pendidikan, lama merokok, jumlah konsumsi rokok per hari, indeks Brinkman, karboksihemoglobin, riwayat kontak, kondisi ventilasi rumah, kepadatan hunian, dan status gizi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner terstruktur dan pemeriksaan laboratorium bakteriologi tahan asam serta karboksihemoglobin. Analisis data menggunakan uji kai kuadrat untuk analisis bivariat dan regresi logistik untuk menentukan faktor risiko independen. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa perokok berat dengan konsumsi lebih dari 10 batang per hari memiliki risiko 4,27 kali lebih tinggi (OR=4,27; 95% CI: 2,31-7,89; p<0,001) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Kadar karboksihemoglobin tinggi (OR=3,15; p<0,001), riwayat kontak erat dengan penderita tuberkulosis (OR=3,88; p=0,001), ventilasi rumah yang buruk (OR=2,97; p=0,001), status gizi kurang (OR=2,99; p<0,001), dan kepadatan hunian yang tinggi (OR=2,95; p<0,001) juga berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru. Perilaku merokok merupakan faktor risiko independen paling dominan terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis paru (AOR=3,95; 95% CI: 2,11-7,42; p=0,001), diikuti oleh kadar karboksihemoglobin tinggi (AOR=2,87; 95% CI: 1,52-5,41; p=0,001). Disarankan dilakukan skrining tuberkulosis ekstensif bagi perokok, program penghentian merokok terintegrasi, serta peningkatan ventilasi dan pengurangan kepadatan hunian di wilayah Poasia
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