Implementasi Pendidikan Kesehatan Maternal Tentang Faktor Risiko Dan Pencegahan Atonia Uteri Pada Ibu Hamil

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Uterine atony is the leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage and remains a major contributor to maternal mortality in developing countries, including Indonesia. Most cases can be prevented through early identification of risk factors, high-quality antenatal care, and maternal health education. However, many pregnant women still have limited knowledge regarding the risk factors, warning signs, and preventive measures for uterine atony. This community service program aimed to improve pregnant women's knowledge of the risk factors, warning signs, and prevention of uterine atony through maternal health education. The program was conducted in September 2026 at a primary healthcare facility in Indonesia and involved 35 pregnant women. Educational methods included health counseling, interactive discussions, educational video presentations, leaflet distribution, and question-and-answer sessions. Participants' knowledge was assessed using pre-test and post-test questionnaires, and the data were analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions, percentages, and mean scores. All participants completed the program with a high level of participation. The mean knowledge score increased from 64.9 before the intervention to 89.8 after the educational session. Most participants were able to explain the definition of uterine atony, identify major risk factors such as anemia, multiple pregnancy, prolonged labor, and fetal macrosomia, and recognize the importance of routine antenatal care, adequate nutrition, delivery at healthcare facilities, and prompt management of postpartum hemorrhage. Furthermore, 94.3% of participants reported greater confidence in preparing for pregnancy and childbirth after attending the program. Maternal health education effectively improved pregnant women's knowledge and awareness regarding the prevention of uterine atony. Continuous educational interventions should be integrated into routine antenatal care to support efforts to reduce maternal mortality associated with postpartum hemorrhage.

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Keywords: Antenatal Care; Maternal Health Education; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnant Women; Uterine Atony.

ABSTRAK

Atonia uteri merupakan penyebab utama perdarahan postpartum dan masih menjadi kontributor terbesar kematian ibu di berbagai negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Sebagian besar kasus sebenarnya dapat dicegah melalui deteksi dini faktor risiko, pelayanan antenatal yang berkualitas, serta pendidikan kesehatan kepada ibu hamil. Namun, pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai faktor risiko, tanda bahaya, dan upaya pencegahan atonia uteri masih terbatas. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang faktor risiko, tanda bahaya, dan pencegahan atonia uteri melalui pendidikan kesehatan maternal. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada September 2026 di salah satu fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan tingkat pertama di Indonesia dengan melibatkan 35 ibu hamil. Metode yang digunakan meliputi penyuluhan kesehatan, diskusi interaktif, pemutaran media edukasi, pembagian leaflet, serta sesi tanya jawab. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pre-test dan post-test untuk mengukur perubahan pengetahuan peserta, sedangkan data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, persentase, dan nilai rata-rata. Seluruh peserta mengikuti kegiatan hingga selesai dengan tingkat partisipasi yang tinggi. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan dari 64,9 sebelum edukasi menjadi 89,8 setelah kegiatan. Sebagian besar peserta mampu menjelaskan pengertian atonia uteri, mengenali faktor risiko seperti anemia, kehamilan ganda, persalinan lama, dan bayi besar, serta memahami pentingnya pemeriksaan kehamilan rutin, pemenuhan gizi, persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan, dan penanganan segera apabila terjadi perdarahan pascapersalinan. Sebanyak 94,3% peserta menyatakan lebih percaya diri dalam mempersiapkan kehamilan dan persalinan. Kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kesehatan maternal efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran ibu hamil mengenai pencegahan atonia uteri serta perlu diintegrasikan secara berkelanjutan dalam pelayanan antenatal untuk mendukung penurunan angka kematian ibu akibat perdarahan postpartum.

Kata Kunci: Atonia Uteri; Ibu Hamil; Pendidikan Kesehatan; Kesehatan Maternal; Pencegahan Perdarahan Postpartum.