Validity and Reliability of AH-EFT Module Among Breast Cancer Patients

Authors

  • Sofyan Hadi Hasibuan Lincoln University College, Malaysia
  • Faridah Binti Mohd Said Lincoln University College, Malaysia
  • Norhashima Binti Abd. Rashid Lincoln University College, Malaysia
  • Akhmad Huda College of Rajekwesi Bojonegoro
  • Fidrotin Azizah College of Rajekwesi Bojonegoro, Indonesia
  • Dwi Agung Susanti College of Rajekwesi Bojonegoro, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59585/ijhs.v1i1.574

Keywords:

Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy, Emotional Freedom Technique, Breast Cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer, a heterogeneous disease, often metastasises, impacting prognosis. In Indonesia, adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) is the standard for hormone receptor-positive cancer, reducing recurrence and mortality. However, patients often face anxiety and depression during treatment. Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) are known to alleviate psychological stress. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy with Emotional Freedom Technique (AH-EFT) module for breast cancer patients. A quantitative survey with a descriptive design assessed the content validity and reliability of the AH-EFT module. Six breast cancer care experts reviewed the module using a validity questionnaire and qualitative feedback. The result found that the content validity percentage reached 97%, with session suitability at 95%. The module’s reliability value was 0.934, indicating excellent consistency. The AH-EFT module is highly valid and reliable, making it suitable for guiding counselling and treatment for breast cancer patients in Indonesia and beyond.

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Author Biographies

Sofyan Hadi Hasibuan, Lincoln University College, Malaysia

Faculty of Nursing

Health Sciences College of Rajekwesi Bojonegoro, Indonesia

Faridah Binti Mohd Said, Lincoln University College, Malaysia

Faculty of Nursing

Norhashima Binti Abd. Rashid, Lincoln University College, Malaysia

Faculty of Nursing

Akhmad Huda, College of Rajekwesi Bojonegoro

Health Sciences

Fidrotin Azizah, College of Rajekwesi Bojonegoro, Indonesia

Health Sciences

Dwi Agung Susanti, College of Rajekwesi Bojonegoro, Indonesia

Health Sciences

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S. Hwan Lee, B. Eun Jeong, H. Chae, J. Hwa Lim, and C. to Jung Hwa Lim, “Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) for Students’ Mental Health: A Systematic Review,” J Orient. Neuropsychiatry, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 1226–6396, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.7231/jon.2017.28.3.165

L. Ciria-Suarez et al., “Breast cancer patient experiences through a journey map: A qualitative study,” PLoS One, vol. 16, no. 9 September, pp. 1–23, 2021, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257680

D. Church and I. David, “Borrowing Benefits: Clinical EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) as an Immediate Stress Reduction Skill in the Workplace,” Psychology, vol. 10, no. 07, pp. 941–952, 2019, doi: 10.4236/psych.2019.107061

M. A. S. M. Arip and N. A. M. Tamizi, “Development, Validity and Reliability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Healing (CBT-H) Module among Malaysian Counselors,” Int. J. Acad. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci., vol. 14, no. 8, 2024, doi: 10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i8/22281

R. Y. Sari et al., “Spiritual emotional freedom technique against anxiety and psychological well-being of type 2 dm patients during the covid-19 pandemic,” Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 260–265, 2021, doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7217

C. Ordu et al., “Prognostic Significance of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Induced Amenorrhea in Luminal A and B Subtypes,” Eur. J. Breast Heal., Jun. 2018, doi: 10.5152/ejbh.2018.3808

R. A. Fuad, M. A. S. M. Arip, and F. Saad, “Validity and Reliability of the HM-Learning Module among High School Students in Malaysia,” Int. J. Acad. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i1/5480

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N. Mohaiyuddin, N. Kardi, and M. A. S. M. Arip, “Validity Analysis of Graduate Entrepreneurship Career Determination Module (ECDM) Based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach (CBT),” Int. J. Acad. Res. Accounting, Financ. Manag. Sci., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 318–328, 2019, doi: 10.6007/ijarafms/v9-i3/6525.

G. Brown et al., “Comparing AIT and EFT in Reduction of Negative Emotions Associated with a Past Memory: A Randomized Control Study,” Psychology, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1868–1887, 2023, doi: 10.4236/psych.2023.1412111

J. R. Van Liew, A. J. Christensen, and J. S. de Moor, “Psychosocial factors in adjuvant hormone therapy for breast cancer: an emerging context for adherence research,” J. Cancer Surviv., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 521–531, Sep. 2014, doi: 10.1007/s11764-014-0374-2

E. A. Rakha, G. M. Tse, and C. M. Quinn, “An update on the pathological classification of breast cancer,” Histopathology, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 5–16, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1111/his.14786

N. Harbeck et al., “Breast cancer,” Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim., vol. 5, no. 1, p. 66, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0111-2

Y.-S. Sun et al., “Risk Factors and Preventions of Breast Cancer,” Int. J. Biol. Sci., vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 1387–1397, 2017, doi: 10.7150/ijbs.21635

M. Arnold et al., “Current and future burden of breast cancer: Global statistics for 2020 and 2040,” The Breast, vol. 66, pp. 15–23, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2022.08.010

F. Bray, J. Ferlay, I. Soerjomataram, R. L. Siegel, L. A. Torre, and A. Jemal, “Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries,” CA. Cancer J. Clin., vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 394–424, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.3322/caac.21492

Indonesian Health Ministry, Infodatin: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI (Tetap Produktif, Cegah, dan Atasi Diabetes Melitus). Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020

L. Novitarum, M. F. G. Siregar, F. A. Siregar, and N. L. Lubis, “Survivor’s experience in fighting breast cancer,” J. Popul. Ther. Clin. Pharmacol., vol. 29, no. 4, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.47750/jptcp.2022.976

A. H. Saad, I. Rabeea, and H. Salih, “Adherence and Beliefs to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study (Conference Paper) #,” Iraqi J. Pharm. Sci. ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN 2521 - 3512), vol. 30, no. Suppl., pp. 31–39, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.31351/vol30issSuppl.pp31-39

C. Kuo, H. Wang, and L. Tseng, “Using data mining technology to predict medication‐taking behaviour in women with breast cancer: A retrospective study,” Nurs. Open, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 2646–2656, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1002/nop2.963

M. Drăgănescu and C. Carmocan, “Hormone Therapy in Breast Cancer,” Chirurgia (Bucur)., vol. 112, no. 4, p. 413, 2017, doi: 10.21614/chirurgia.112.4.413

N. Kugbey, K. Oppong Asante, and A. Meyer-Weitz, “Depression, anxiety and quality of life among women living with breast cancer in Ghana: mediating roles of social support and religiosity,” Support. Care Cancer, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 2581–2588, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00520-019-05027-1

C. Lopes et al., “Prevalence and Persistence of Anxiety and Depression over Five Years since Breast Cancer Diagnosis—The NEON-BC Prospective Study,” Curr. Oncol., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 2141–2153, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.3390/curroncol29030173

H. Carreira, R. Williams, H. Dempsey, S. Stanway, L. Smeeth, and K. Bhaskaran, “Quality of life and mental health in breast cancer survivors compared with non-cancer controls: a study of patient-reported outcomes in the United Kingdom,” J. Cancer Surviv., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 564–575, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11764-020-00950-3

B. Dincer and D. Inangil, “The effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques on nurses’ stress, anxiety, and burnout levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial,” EXPLORE, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 109–114, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.11.012

D. Church, G. Yount, K. Rachlin, L. Fox, and J. Nelms, “Epigenetic Effects of PTSD Remediation in Veterans Using Clinical Emotional Freedom Techniques: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study,” Am. J. Heal. Promot., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 112–122, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1177/0890117116661154

M. B. Tambunan, L. Suwarni, L. Setiawati, and M. Mardjan, “EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) As An Alternative Therapy To Reduce Anxiety Disorders and Depression in People Who Are Positive Covid-19,” Psikostudia J. Psikol., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 59, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.30872/psikostudia.v11i1.7104

P. Rancour, “The Emotional Freedom Technique: Finally, a Unifying Theory for the Practice of Holistic Nursing, or Too Good to Be True?,” J. Holist. Nurs., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 382–388, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1177/0898010116648456

D. Feinstein, “Energy psychology: Efficacy, speed, mechanisms,” EXPLORE, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 340–351, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2018.11.003

P. Irmak Vural and E. Aslan, “Emotional freedom techniques and breathing awareness to reduce childbirth fear: A randomized controlled study,” Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract., vol. 35, pp. 224–231, May 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.02.011

S. Hwan Lee, B. Eun Jeong, H. Chae, J. Hwa Lim, and C. to Jung Hwa Lim, “Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) for Students’ Mental Health: A Systematic Review,” J Orient. Neuropsychiatry, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 1226–6396, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.7231/jon.2017.28.3.165

L. Ciria-Suarez et al., “Breast cancer patient experiences through a journey map: A qualitative study,” PLoS One, vol. 16, no. 9 September, pp. 1–23, 2021, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257680

D. Church and I. David, “Borrowing Benefits: Clinical EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) as an Immediate Stress Reduction Skill in the Workplace,” Psychology, vol. 10, no. 07, pp. 941–952, 2019, doi: 10.4236/psych.2019.107061

M. A. S. M. Arip and N. A. M. Tamizi, “Development, Validity and Reliability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Healing (CBT-H) Module among Malaysian Counselors,” Int. J. Acad. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci., vol. 14, no. 8, 2024, doi: 10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i8/22281

R. Y. Sari et al., “Spiritual emotional freedom technique against anxiety and psychological well-being of type 2 dm patients during the covid-19 pandemic,” Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 260–265, 2021, doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7217

C. Ordu et al., “Prognostic Significance of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Induced Amenorrhea in Luminal A and B Subtypes,” Eur. J. Breast Heal., Jun. 2018, doi: 10.5152/ejbh.2018.3808

R. A. Fuad, M. A. S. M. Arip, and F. Saad, “Validity and Reliability of the HM-Learning Module among High School Students in Malaysia,” Int. J. Acad. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i1/5480.

N. H. Ab Razak, A. R. Abdul Aziz, and M. Z. Zakaria, “Validity of Cognitive Behaviour Play Therapy Module (DBPT Module),” Malaysian J. Soc. Sci. Humanit., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 396–400, 2021, doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v6i3.726.

S. M. Noah, Perkembangan kerjaya: Teori dan praktis. Serdang: Perkhidmatan Percetakan Fakulti Pengajian Pendidikan, 2002.

N. Mohaiyuddin, N. Kardi, and M. A. S. M. Arip, “Validity Analysis of Graduate Entrepreneurship Career Determination Module (ECDM) Based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach (CBT),” Int. J. Acad. Res. Accounting, Financ. Manag. Sci., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 318–328, 2019, doi: 10.6007/ijarafms/v9-i3/6525.

G. Brown et al., “Comparing AIT and EFT in Reduction of Negative Emotions Associated with a Past Memory: A Randomized Control Study,” Psychology, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1868–1887, 2023, doi: 10.4236/psych.2023.1412111.

J. R. Van Liew, A. J. Christensen, and J. S. de Moor, “Psychosocial factors in adjuvant hormone therapy for breast cancer: an emerging context for adherence research,” J. Cancer Surviv., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 521–531, Sep. 2014, doi: 10.1007/s11764-014-0374-2.

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Published

2025-01-16

How to Cite

Hasibuan, S. H., Said, F. B. M., Rashid, N. B. A., Huda, A., Azizah, F., & Susanti, D. A. (2025). Validity and Reliability of AH-EFT Module Among Breast Cancer Patients. International Journal of Health Sciences, 3(1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.59585/ijhs.v1i1.574