Determinants of Hand Washing with Soap (HWWS) in Rural Communities: Cross Sectional Study in Manggarai Regency East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59585/ijhs.v1i2.56Keywords:
HWWS Behavior, Determinants of HWWS, Rural communitiesAbstract
Hand Washing With Soap (HWWS) behavior is a simple thing that can be done to inhibit the transmission of disease from the source of infection. Not much is known with certainty about the determinants of community handwashing behavior as a basis for promoting handwashing behavior. The research aims to identify the various determinants of HWWS behavior in the rural community, the results of which can be considered for designing the promotion of HWWS behavior in rural community and economically vulnerable groups.
A total of 52 villages as survey locations, interviews and observations were carried out on 168 household heads who were determined by purposive random sampling with the inclusion criteria of having toddlers, and the house is on the edge of a river / beach. Univariate data processing to describe the characteristics of respondents and bivariate analysis to describe the relationship between the various HWWS behavior variables.
The results of the study showed that the majority of the community already had HWWS facilities and were around the house where they lived. Critical times for community hand washing behavior are when hands are dirty, after feeding livestock and before eating. There is no difference between the determinants of HWWS behavior with education and with household categories based on the number of repeaters. Health cadres and local health workers dominate the sources of information obtained by the community regarding HWWS behavior.
The implication of the results of this study is that the promotion of HWWS behavior in the community needs to consider non-health messages such as HWWS carried out when hands are dirty, after feeding livestock and before eating. In addition to inhibiting the spread of diseases that are transmitted through hands, the goal of HWWS behavior is also. In addition, health cadres and health workers are very important as a channel for conveying education about HWWS behavior in the community, in addition to the use of social media.
Downloads
References
Bartram, J. and Cairncross, S. (2010) ‘Hygiene, sanitation, and water: Forgotten foundations of health’, PLoS Medicine, 7(11), pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000367.
Fewtrell, L. et al. (2005) ‘Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 5(January), pp. 42–52.
Freeman, M. C. et al. (2014) ‘Systematic review: Hygiene and health: Systematic review of handwashing practices worldwide and update of health effects’, Tropical Medicine and International Health, 19(8), pp. 906–916. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12339.
Hirai, M. et al. (2016) ‘Exploring Determinants of Handwashing with Soap in Indonesia: A Quantitative Analysis’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(9). doi: 10.3390/ijerph13090868.
Karon, A. J. et al. (2017) ‘Improving water, sanitation, and hygiene in schools in Indonesia: A cross-sectional assessment on sustaining infrastructural and behavioral interventions’, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 220(3), pp. 539–550. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.02.001.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2020) ‘Protokol Pemicuan dan verifikasi 5 pilar STBM pada situasi pencegahan dan pengendalian Covid-19’, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 1, p. 16. Available at:
Lin, A. et al. (2013) ‘Household environmental conditions are associated with enteropathy and impaired growth in rural bangladesh’, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89(1), pp. 130–137. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0629.
Luby, S. et al. (2005) ‘Effect of handwashing on child health: a randomized controlled trial’, Lancet, 366(9481), pp. 225–233. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66912-7.
McNamara, M. W. (2016) Collaborative anagement and leadershp. Edited by J. C. Morris and K. Miller-Stevens. USA: Roudledge.
Meško, M., Suklan, J. and Roblek, V. (2017) ‘The Impact of the Internet of Things to Value Added in Knowledge‐Intensive Organizations’, Knowledge Management Strategies and Applications, (November). doi: 10.5772/intechopen.70070.
Ngambut, K. (2019) ‘Stop BABS behabiour after the open defecation free declaration in the context of rural communities in Kupang district, NTT Province’, International Journal of Medicine, Health and Food Sciences, 3(2), pp. 1–17.
Ngambut, K. and Kapakado, Y. (2018) ‘Community sustainable behaviour change after declaration Open Defecation Free (ODF)’, The first international conference Health Polytechnic of Helat hin KUpang, pp. 564–581. Available at: http://proceeding.poltekeskupang.ac.id/index.php/ichpk/article/view/72.
Ngambut, K. and Takesan, M. J. S. (2021) ‘Coaching, 3M behavior change strategy for the prevention of covid-19 transmission in Kupang City, NTT Province, Indonesia’, Jurnal Pemberdayaan: Publikasi …, 5(2), pp. 123–128.
Ngambut, K. and Wanti, W. (2022) ‘Permasalahan kesehatan lingkungan’, in Pratiwi, B. A. (ed.) Kesehatan lingkungan dan keselamatan kesehaatan kerja. Yogyakarta , Indonesia: Nuha Medika Anggota IKAPI: No. 156/DIY/2022 Jl., pp. 27–46.
Odagiri, M. et al. (2017) ‘Enabling factors for sustaining open defecation-free communities in rural Indonesia: A cross-sectional study’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(12), pp. 1–20. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14121572.
Rah, J. H. et al. (2015) ‘Household sanitation and personal hygiene practices are associated with child stunting in rural India: A cross-sectional analysis of surveys’, BMJ Open, 5(2). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005180.
Strunz, E. C. et al. (2014) ‘Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’, PLoS Medicine, 11(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001620.
White, S. et al. (2020) ‘The determinants of handwashing behaviour in domestic settings: An integrative systematic review’, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 227(December 2019), p. 113512. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113512.
WHO/UNICEF (2015) ‘Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities – urgent needs and actions’, Global Meeting, (March 17-18), p. 36.
WHO/UNICEF JMP (2017) Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2017.
