Predictors of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Prevention Practice among Nurses in Private Wound Care Clinics in Jakarta, Indonesia: A Correlational and Regression Analysis

Abstract

Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) are frequently assumed to progress sequentially, yet empirical evidence for this pathway in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) prevention among nurses remains limited, particularly in private wound care settings in Indonesia. This study examined the associations and predictive relationships among demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice toward DFU prevention among 167 nurses across eight private wound care clinics in Jakarta. Chi-square tests of association, Pearson's correlation, Spearman's rho, Kendall's tau, and multiple linear regression were applied. Length of service was significantly associated with knowledge and attitude (p = 0.005 and p = 0.031, respectively) but not practice (p = 1.000); age was significantly associated with attitude only (p < 0.001); sex showed no significant association with any KAP domain. Knowledge was significantly and consistently correlated with practice across all three correlation coefficients (Pearson's r = −0.379, p < 0.001), whereas attitude showed no significant association with practice. Multiple regression confirmed knowledge as the sole significant predictor of practice (B = −0.375, p < 0.001), explaining 14.9% of practice variance, while demographic variables explained only 3.1% and were not significant predictors. These findings indicate that knowledge, rather than attitude or demographic characteristics, is the primary driver of DFU prevention practice, with substantial unexplained variance suggesting the influence of organizational and contextual factors not captured in this model.