Social Impact of Early Marriage on Reproductive Health

. Early marriage is a marriage that occurs in a woman with an age status below 20 years where the state of her reproductive organs is not fully mature and is still in the growth stage. This period is referred to as the young reproductive period, which means that although it can become pregnant and give birth, the body is not ready to become pregnant. Meanwhile, reproductive health is a complete physical, mental and social condition, not just free from disease or disability in all aspects related to the reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of Knowledge of Midwifery Students of Stikes Amanah Makassar Level II about the Impact of Early Marriage on Reproductive Health. This type of research is descriptive research and survey research design with direct interviews using questionnaires. The population in this study were all level II students who existed and studied at D3 Midwifery Stikes Amanah Makassar and the sample of this study were all level II students who existed and studied at D3 Midwifery Stikes Amanah Makassar and at the time the research was conducted, namely 25 people. The sampling technique used in this study was exedent sampling.


Introduction
Reproductive health in women starts from infancy, adolescence to adulthood. During adolescence, reproductive development undergoes many changes because adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood. At this time, a period of maturation of human reproductive organs begins, and is often called puberty so that its development needs to be considered as well as possible (Widyastuti, 2008).Early marriage, which is a marriage that is carried out when the marriage partner is not mature enough, invites a number of risks, including the death of the mother and child during the delivery process. The numbers are not too many, but it is concerning to see the fact that 4.8 percent of the total number of marriages in Indonesia are carried out by children aged 10-14 years. This figure is the result of research conducted by the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN). Meanwhile, the highest percentage of married women from the 15-19 age class, which is 41.9 percent of the total number of marriages in Indonesia (Detik Health, 2014). Early marriage violates children's rights, especially girls. Girls, as the most vulnerable International Journal of Health Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 54 victims in cases of early marriage, also experience a number of adverse impacts. Our country's laws have regulated the age limit for marriage. The Marriage Law chapter II article 7 paragraph 1 states that marriage is only permitted if the man reaches the age of 19 (nineteen) years and the woman has reached the age of 16 (sixteen) years. Marriage is a loyal promise between husband and wife in which there is a responsibility from both parties. The promise of loyalty is something that is not easy to say. In article 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, defines marriage as a physical and mental bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household) based on God Almighty.

Research Method
This type of research is descriptive research and survey research design with direct interviews using questionnaires to obtain an Overview of Knowledge of Midwifery Students of Stikes Amanah Makassar Level II About the Impact of Early Marriage on Reproductive Health. This research was conducted at the Diploma of Midwifery Stikes Amanah Makassar on January 21-29, 2021. The data used in this study are primary data collected by researchers directly against the target. This data is obtained by data sources collected by giving questionnaires.

Student's Knowledge about the Impact of Early Marriage on Reproductive Health
Based on the Environment.  The results showed a recapitulation of answers from 25 respondents, namely 19 people (76%) had good knowledge about the Impact of Early Marriage on Reproductive Health, and 6 people (24%) who had sufficient knowledge. Early marriage is a marriage that occurs in a woman with an age status below 20 years where the state of her reproductive organs is not fully mature and is still in the growth stage. This period is called the term young reproductive period which means that although it can become pregnant and give birth, the body is actually not ready to become pregnant (Manuaba, 2008).
Reproductive health is a complete physical, mental and social state, not just free from disease or disability in all aspects related to the reproductive system (WHO, 2011).
2) Knowledge of college students about the impact of early marriage on reproductive health based on socioeconomics.
The results showed that of the 19 people (76%) whose level of knowledge was good about the impact of marrying at an early age on reproductive health, 9 people (36%) of them had parents who worked as civil servants, 2 people (8%) private employees, and 8 people (32%) did not work / housewife. Whereas from 6 people (24%) with a poor level of knowledge about the Impact of Early Marriage on Reproductive Health, all of them have parents who do not have jobs / housewives. The results of this study are in accordance with the theory of Budiman and Agus (2013), which says that a person's economic status will also determine the availability of a facility needed for certain activities so that socioeconomic status will affect a person's knowledge. In this study, the economic status of parents can also be a determinant for adolescents, especially second-year midwifery students of Stikes Amanah Makassar in terms of obtaining knowledge about the impact of early marriage on reproductive health. It is assumed that the higher and more stable the income level of the parents, the higher their level of knowledge because the facilities provided are more available.

3) Student's Knowledge of the Impact of Early Marriage on Reproductive Health
Based on the Environment.
The environment is everything that surrounds the individual, both physical, biological, and social environments. The environment affects the process of entering knowledge into individuals who live in that environment. This happens because of mutual interaction or not, which will be responded to as knowledge by each individual (Budiman and Agus, 2013).
The results showed that of the 25 people (76%) whose level of knowledge was good about the Impact of Early Marriage on Reproductive Health, 18 people (72%) of them had the latest education equivalent to high school and only 1 person (4%) came from Madrasah Aliyah (MA). Meanwhile, of the 6 people (24%) whose level of knowledge was poor about the impact of marrying at an early age on reproductive health, all of them had a senior high school education. In this study, the environment referred to is the environment of previous school origin. It is assumed that an environment with a public school base where female and male students meet intensely with schools with a religious background or pesantren greatly influences the high level of knowledge of students about the impact of early marriage on reproductive health.

Conclusion
1) Based on the objectives to be achieved in this study, namely to determine the Knowledge of Midwifery Students of Stikes Amanah Makassar Level II About the Impact of Early Marriage on Reproductive Health based on Socio-Economic and Environment, then according to the results of the above research, the following conclusions can be drawn: 2) The level of knowledge of midwifery students of Stikes Amanah Makassar Level II about the impact of marrying at an early age on reproductive health in this study is mostly at a good level of knowledge.